Tightness device



Oct. 10, 1933. v. AUTIER TIGHTNESS DEVICE Filed Oct. 5, 1951 2Sheets-Sheet l ffy 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I Il!! ference of pressure.

Patented ci. 10, 1933 Unirse 'sfrfra1-z.sv PATENT OFFICE 1,929,733., ofrrenTNEss v Device Victor Anticr, Lille,` France 4 claims. (el.less-.1)

The present invention relates to a tightness device allowing a movableelement to extend through vva wall, and adapted to separate .two

spaces orchambers having between them a dif*- VFor this purpose itjhasbeen the `custom to employ `yielding packing or metallic packing.However, the yielding packingsuch asa stuihngbox, owing to thegreat'presrsure exertedruporn it in order'to prevent leakage, produces avgreat friction upon thernovable part, vwhich'may have aprejudicialeffect, and on the other hand, the device inusrtbe frequently replaced.As concerns the metallic packing devices, such as piston rings,

they are of large size and thus occupy a lconsider` able space, and'alsorequire a most accurate construction aswell as an abundant preventseizing.

lubrication to rIohe .present invention obviates all such drawbacks,employing for the purpose a metallic packing device consisting of'aplurality oi Ysleevesor sockets ofreduced thicknesswhich are adapted.

to yenter one another, va certain numberof the sleeves being secured atrthe'ends to the Wall to betraversed, whilst the'rothers,respectivelyinserted between the former, are `secured to the movableelement, suchasa rod or piston. lIn this manner, a iiXed sleeveissituated between two movable sleeves, and inversely.

YIn the case of stationarypacking devices, the

fluid/must circulate downwardly and upwardly,

or inversely, through all the sleeves in succession, yand the pressureof the rfluid is suiciently reduced l in order thatV it` will `notexterior.

When the device is applied lto a escape lto the piston koperating in acylinder, such sleeves will form around the pistona certain number ofannular chambers of variable volume, in which, during the rise of thepiston, will beproduced highcompressions .by which the piston will bemade leaklesswitheut requiring such a complicated operation as grindinginV place.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 isa sectional device.

view fof the packing Figure 2 is a sectional view of an engine cylinderand .piston shown at ther lower dead center and comprising the saiddevice.

Figure 3 is a like section, taken at right-angles from the preceding,with theupiston at lthe upper dead center.

iEigure 4 lis a fdetail section, of two sleeves pertaining to thedevice.

@Figure 1 151s. ,the @age @router easing 'ofthe supportafby ataperedpart, a Vsecond sleeve 7,

' interposed a packing "device in conformity to 65 the invention,consisting of seven sleeves or sockets contained onevwithin the otherand mounted inrtwo superposed sets, these being" alternately secured tolsaid casingand to the movable member 2; s In Figure 1, for the sake ofclearness, the sta,- tionary parts are hatched in one manner, while theHmembers secured to the movable member `2 areoshown in lotherhatching.'As observed .at thelower part of the figure, a suitable ilange 3 v ofthe casing 1 supports, vby means ofwa tapered end `4, the rstsleeve Yorsocket 5 which `is .tted upon thevmovabl'e member 2 closely butwithoutmuch friction. `The sleeveV 5 and between the sleeves 5 and 'Tisinserted, closely but without much friction, afsocket l8 vwhich is inAcontact, by a tapered part 9, ksrvith'the movable -member 2. lThetapered part of the sleeve 7 is in contactwith the lower part of aringl,and between .the sleeve 'l ,andthe ring 1*'0 v.isl 1a Sleeve 1,1 secured.to the movable member 2. At the upper part of the casing 1, the samearrangement of sleeves is employed, `wherein the' sleeve 11 contains axed sleevev 12`followed by' a v90 movable sleeve 13,v and a xed sleeve14. 4The sleeves 12--14,fand 11'-13 are respectively in contact ,withone g another by tapered parts. The sleeve 13 supports an internalring'15 which', is. subject to pressure through the medium of aring orwasher lfwith al rounded bottom, and of one or morel nuts 17 engagedupon .a threaded part 1S of the movable member ,2. A nut 20, engagingthe casing 1, presses-throughvthe medium of a ringl9 with aroundedbottom, upon the iied Sleeves '1 4-412-75. As shown Figure 1, thesleeves or sockets donot extend .tothe Ybottom parts of one' another,and they lthus leave small spaces 21,2123, etc., and these spacesallowfthe 'member 2 to Imove with reference to the iiXed members.

v.The operation of the apparatus is asfollows: Ii it be supposedthat'the pressure Visexercised iat the .lower part of Figure 1", theNleaking iiuid,

strongly pressed, will proceed between the movable member 2 and thelfirst xed sleeve 5, thus reaching the first annular space 2l, in whichit expands before circulating between the movable Sleeve 5 and thesleeve 8 secured to the movable member. The duid thus enters the space22 in which it again expands, and it then passes between the two sleevesVS and 7 and enters the spaces 23 and-24, after which it proceeds alongthe ring 10 and into the space 25, and thence into the spaces 26-27-28.

Thus before it escapes from the space 28 to the exterior, between thesleeve 14 and the ring 15, the fluid is obliged to follow a very windingpath, in which it is subject to eight successive expansions. Theseconditions are such that there will be practically no leakage.

However, it will be readily observed that each sleeve is subjected todierent pressures upon its faces, so that each sleeve will tend toexpand and thus make close contact with the inner periphery of thesleeve which vcontains it, and in this manne'r'eachisleeve acts againstthe leakage of the fluid and is tted in place by'its own action. Forthis reason, it will not be required, during the manufacture of theapparatus, to obtain a tight iit between the sleeves, and a clearance ofT15 millimeter can be readily allowed.

As the sleeves form superposed groups, the said apparatus will occupybut a'small space, and on the other hand, as there is a certainclearance between the sleeves, there will be no wear of such sleeves,and the friction of the parts is very small, so that the movable member2 may form 1 part of any apparatus, while it is most responsive in itsaction. vIn the construction shown in Figures 2 to fl, 40 is a sectionof the cylinder of a motor or compressor, containing a piston 41 pivotedon an axle l2 and thus cooperating with a lconnecting rod 43 attached toa crank, not shown. As the upper part of the cylinder are mounted-bytapered or like ends i4-two metallic sleeves L.i5-i5 corresponding tosomewhat more than one-half the stroke of the piston, and forming withthe wall of the cylinder or between one another, cylindrical chambers50.

At the lower part or the piston are mounted, by tapered ends 47, twoconcentric sleeves Llli-49 forming in like manner with the piston, orbetween one another, two cylindrical chambers.

The four sleeves -4"-Li8-i9 of the device enter partially into oneanother, as observed in the gures, and thus, when proceeding from theinterior to the exterior, one iirst inds the xed sleeve 45, then themovable sleeve 48, the xed sleeve 46, and the sleeve i9 which is incontact by its surface with the wall of the cylinder 40.

The operation of the device will be observed with reference to Figure 3.

When the piston is at its upper dead center, the cylindrical chambers 5Gbetween two sleeves have a very small size, and thus during the upstroke vof the piston, a great compression will be provassume the formof regular cones on the side having the smallerV pressure, so that theywill separate slightly from one another, thusgreatlyreducing thefriction to an almost negligible degree, whereby all risk of wear isobviated. This eiiect is shown chieily in Figure 4, in which thedistortion at 51 is much exaggerated for the sake of clearness.

It is evident on the other hand that the manufacture of such sleeveswill not require any very great accuracy in the construction, or at allevents this will be much below what is required for the usual pistonrings.

Due to the exact guiding of the piston, the irregular wear of thecylinder will be much less that in the known arrangements.

I claim:

1. A device adapted to be positioned between an immovablepressure-sustaining wall and a reciprocating element movable through anopening in the wall, comprising an open-ended sleeve surrounding andspaced from the movable element, said sleeve beingV secured intermediateits ends to the reciprocating element, a sleeve concentric with andextending into each openv end of the sleeve secured to the reciprocatingelement and fixed to the pressure-sustaining wall, said sleeves xed tothe wall being positioned in the space between the reciprocating elementand the openended sleeve carried thereby to provide a fluidtight jointbetween the wall and the reciprocating element. Y Y, y

2. A device adapted to be positioned between an immovablepressure-sustaining Wall and a reciprocating element movable through anopening in the wall, comprising an open-ended sleeve 'surrounding andspaced from the movable element, said sleeve being secured intermediateits roo ends to the reciprocating element, a sleeve conan immovablepressure-sustaining wall and a reciprocating element movable through anopening in the wall, comprising an open-ended sleeve surrounding andspaced from the movable element, said sleeve being secured intermediateits irs ends to the reciprocating element, a sleeve cony centric withand extending into each open'end of the sleeve secured to thereciprocating element and xed to the pressure-sustaining wall, saidsleeves ixed to the wall being positioned in the space between thereciprocating element and the open-ended sleeve carried thereby, sleevesfixed to the reciprocating element and lying between Ythe reciprocatingelement and the sleeves iixed to the wall, and additional sleeves fixedto the Wall and lying between the reciprocating element and theinnermost sleeves carried thereby, all of i said sleeves cooperating toprovide a iiuid-tight joint.

4. A device adapted to be positioned between an immovablepressure-sustaining wallr and a reciprocating element movable through anopening in the wall, comprising an open-ended sleeve surrounding andspacedlfrom the movable element, said sleeve being secured intermediateits ends to the reciprocating element, a sleeve concentric with andextending into each open end to the wall, and additional sleeves xed tothe Wall and lying between the reciprocating element and the innermostsleeves carried thereby, said sleeves being formed of thinelasticmaterial deformable under fluid pressure to provide a iuidtight jointbetween the sleeves.

VICTOR AUTIER..

